International Journal of Experimental Dental Science

Register      Login

VOLUME 4 , ISSUE 2 ( July-December, 2015 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Serum Cytokine Levels in Term and Preterm Deliveries Relating to the Periodontal Health of Mothers: A Pilot Study

Istvan Gorzo, Tibor Novák, Hajnalka Orvos, Mariann Kovács, Barbara Bóka, Beatrix Kele

Citation Information : Gorzo I, Novák T, Orvos H, Kovács M, Bóka B, Kele B. Serum Cytokine Levels in Term and Preterm Deliveries Relating to the Periodontal Health of Mothers: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015; 4 (2):109-115.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1107

Published Online: 01-04-2010

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2015; The Author(s).


Abstract

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate serumlevels of interleukin-1, beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) at birth and compare the values in case of preterm birth and normal birth groups of mothers considering the mothers’ periodontal status.

Materials and methods

Blood samples from 81 women (preterm birth, 41 women, and term birth, 40 women) were collected within half an hour of after delivery. Serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were measured. Periodontal status was characterized by bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD).

Results

The frequency of BOP differed significantly between preterm and term groups; however, mean PD did not show a significant difference. Serum IL-1β levels were significantly higher in the preterm birth group. The levels TNF-α were slightly bigger in the term birth group, the difference was significant. The rank correlation showed a significant negative relationship between serum IL-1β and TNF-α level and birth weight and the length of pregnancy, and also between BOP frequency and the length of pregnancy.

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the study, it was found that IL-1β and TNF-α levels were higher when the delivery occurred preterm and the birth weight was smaller; however, a significant increase of cytokines in the serum in connection with maternal periodontal disease was not detected. Periodontics of mothers was not associated with preterm birth in the sample.

How to cite this article

Radnai M, Novák T, Orvos H, Kovács M, Bóka B, Kele B, Gorzó I. Serum Cytokine Levels in Term and Preterm Deliveries Relating to the Periodontal Health of Mothers: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):109-115.


PDF Share
  1. The effect of periodontal therapy on preterm low birth weight: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2001;(1)117:153-165.
  2. The effectiveness of periodontal disease treatment during pregnancy in reducing the risk of experiencing preterm birth and low birth weight: a meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2010;141(12):1423-1434.
  3. A critical assessment of adverse pregnancy outcome and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35(Suppl 8):380-397.
  4. Periodontal disease and perinatal outcomes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011;283(4):675-686.
  5. Periodontal disease definition may determine the association between periodontitis and pregnancy outcomes. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35(5):385-397.
  6. Association between periodontitis in pregnancy and preterm or low birth weight: review of the literature. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13(9):E609-615.
  7. Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review. BJOG 2006;113(2):135-143.
  8. Case definitions for use in populationbased surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2007;78(Suppl 7):1387-1399.
  9. GAPPS Review Group. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (1 of 7): definitions, description of the burden and opportunities to improve data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2010;(Suppl 10)1:S1.
  10. Low-grade inflammation in chronic infectious diseases: paradigm of periodontal infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006;1:251-264.
  11. Immune responses in periodontal diseases. In: Wilson, TG & Kornman KS, editors. Fundamentals of periodontics. Chicago: Quintessence; 1996. p. 109-158.
  12. A review of premature birth and subclinical infections. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166(5):1515-1528.
  13. Role of bacteria in health and disease of periodontal tissues. Periodontol 2000, 2006;40:50-76.
  14. Host-parasite interactions. In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Munksgaard, Oxford: Blackwell; 2008. p. 285-306.
  15. Integrated review of cytokines in maternal, cord, and newborn blood: part I— associations with preterm birth. Biol Res Nurs 2010;11(4):371-376.
  16. Preterm labor is induced by intra-amniotic infusions of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not by interleukin-6 or interleukin-8 in a nonhuman primate model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195(6):1578-1589.
  17. Chapter XV. Geneve: WHO; 1977. p. XV-1-47.
  18. Histometric comparison of active and inactive lesions of advanced periodontitis. J Periodontol 1982;53(5):285-295.
  19. Bleeding on probing: a predictor for the progression of periodontal disease? J Clin Periodontol 1986;13(6):590-596.
  20. Critical probing depth in periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 1982;9(4):323-336.
  21. Examination of patients with periodontal disease. In: Lindhe J, editor. Clinical Perio-dontology and Implant Dentistry. 4th ed. Munksgaard; Oxford, Blackwell; 2003. p. 403-413.
  22. Periodontal risk assessment for patients in supportive periodontal therapy. Oral Health Prev Dent 2003;1(1):7-16.
  23. Update on general health risk of periodontal disease. Int Dent J 2003;53(Suppl 3):200-207.
  24. The onset age of periodontal destruction. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18(6):380-383.
  25. Examination of Patients with Periodontal Diseases. 2. Chapter 26, In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T, editors. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. 5th ed. Munsgard; Blackwell: 2008. p. 574-578.
  26. Experimental gingivitis during pregnancy and post-partum: clinical, endocrinological, and microbiological aspects. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21(8):549-558.
  27. Clinical risk factors associated with incidence and progression of periodontal conditions in pregnant women. J Clin Periodontol 2005;32(5):492-498.
  28. Associations between systemic status, periodontal status, serum cytokine levels, and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor. J Periodontol 2003;74(12):1764-1770.
  29. Serum placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -2 levels in periodontal disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Periodontol 2011;82(12):1735-1748.
  30. Associations between periodontal status and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor. Chinese J Stomatology 2006;41(10):599-601.
  31. Serum inflammatory mediators in pregnancy: changes following periodontal treatment and association with pregnancy outcomes. J Periodontol 2009;80(11):1731-1741.
  32. Effects of periodontal therapy during pregnancy on periodontal status, biologic parameters, and pregnancy outcomes: a pilot study. J Periodontol 2006;77(12):2011-2024.
  33. Effect of treatment of chronic periodontitis on levels of serum markers of acute-phase inflammatory and vascular responses. J Clin Periodontol 2003;30(4):334-340.
  34. 3: Mean age of mothers at first childbirth. OECD Family Database OECD - Social Policy Division - Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/SF2.3%20Mean%20age%20of%20mother%20at%20first%20childbirth%20-%20updated%20240212.pdf.
  35. Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology. Position paper: epidemiology of periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2005;76(8):1406-1419.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.