The study outlined to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and microbiological efficacy of Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system on type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic adult chronic periodontitis patients.

A total of 100 adult chronic periodontitis subjects were recruited voluntary for this study. Clinical [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL)], laboratory (C-reactive protein levels and glycated hemoglobin) and microbiological parameters were measured prior to phase 1 therapy; at 3rd and 6th month post phase 1 therapy. Comparative assessment was done among all the patients that were divided into four groups with Student paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The results of this study showed that there was significant decrease in clinical, laboratory and microbiological parameters from baseline to 6 months in all the groups (i.e. p < 0.01). The subjects under groups using Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system showed highly significant reduction to all the parameters as compared to subjects under groups using toothbrush.

There was strong correlation between periodontal diseases and systemic parameters. Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system with the access to interdentally area helps in preventing the accumulation of dental plaque biofilm, thus able to maintain the clinical, laboratory and microbiological parameters at much lower levels as compared to traditional tooth brushing after phase I therapy.

Mani S, Mani AM, Saini R. A Clinical, Laboratory and Microbiological Evaluation on Efficacy of Dental Air Force Home Dental Cleaning System on Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Adult Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A 6-Month Clinical Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):1-8.

Oral health may have an impact on general health with clinical implications.

To assess association of oral health with systemic diseases in the elderly.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 232 elderly subjects (above 50 years) who visited the geriatric medicine OPD at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh. Oral examination was conducted using the WHO Oral Assessment Form (1997). Written informed consent was taken. Patients were grouped according to their systemic health into six groups: Healthy elderly (group 1), hypertension and coronary artery disease (group 2), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (group 3), diabetes (group 4), diabetes and hypertension (group 5) and hypertension (group 6).

Average DMFT for coronal caries in the six groups was 23.8, 21.24, 22.15, 22.58, 17.83, 22.22 respectively and root caries 22.04, 18.05, 19.46, 14.90, 14.75, 18.62. Periodontal status was assessed by recording the CPI score and attachment loss. Chi-square test was applied, a significantly (p < 0.05) higher CPI score was recorded for groups 2, 3, 6 compared to group 1 while attachment loss was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetics (group 4) compared to group 1. Applying the Z-test for proportions a significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of group 1 edentulous subjects were using upper/lower complete dentures as compared to groups 4 and 5.

Findings of this study indicate an inverse relationship of periodontal health with systemic diseases in the selected sample but further research is needed with larger sample to authenticate the results.

Talwar M, Malik G, Sharma S, Sachdev A, Chaudhry K. Association of Oral Health and Systemic Diseases in the Elderly. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1): 9-13.

Many epidemiological studies have been performed around the world in order to determine the frequency of different types of dental anomalies. There are regional and ethnic variations in the prevalence of dental anomalies.

To determine the prevalence of developmental and acquired dental anomalies in Iran, study was done from 2011 to 2012.

A total of 1,000 digital panoramic radiographs of patient were evaluated which consisted of 424 (42/4%) male and 576 (57/6%) female. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact tests.

Wisdom tooth impaction was the most prevalent anomaly (41.4% in females and 36% in males) followed by missing (8.7% male, 7/3% female), microdontia (3.2%), dilacerations (2.2%), macrodontia (1%), supernumerary teeth (0.8%), fusion and taurodontism (0.2%). A case of bilateral second mandibular molar impaction was observed. Germination, transposition and concrescence were not observed. Among the acquired anomalies, hypercementosis (0.6%) and internal resorption (0.4%) were the most prevalent respectively. External resorption was not observed.

Comparison of these results with those of other studies, showed that the frequency of these disorders were different in countries and communities around the world. Knowledge about these anomalies may facilitate the endodontic, prosthodontics, periodontics and surgical management of such teeth.

Tofangchiha M, Azimi S, Neirizi M. Frequency and Distribution of Dental Anomalies in Iran: A Radiographic Survey. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1): 14-17.

There are a great amount of materials and techniques to use during dental prosthesis production that may confuse the dentist at the time of choice. Material's choice should be done considering ideal chemicophysical and biological properties and high detail reproduction.

The present study aimed to test the influence of differents impression materials and storage times on the dimensional accuracy of casting models.

Four elastomeric materials– polysulfide, polyether, condensation silicone and addition silicone–were used to reproduce a master model of human teeth which were prepared for metaloceramic fixed prosthodontics. Six reference points were established on each tooth in order to determine four intervals: MD–mesial-distal, BL–buccal-lingual and CO–cervical-occlusal distance from premolar, and INT– interpillar distance–from the distal surface of the premolar to the mesial surface of the molar. The impressions were stored for half, 2 and 12 hours and pondered with a type IV gypsum.

Cast measurements data were subjected to ANOVA (4 × 3), Tukey's – α = 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests – α = 0.05. The interaction between materials and storage time presented statistically significant for VP and CO intervals. For each storage time, materials presented dimensional alteration statistically significant.

Impression materials accuracy was affected by the storage time. All materials presented different dimensional accuracy when evaluated in a same period of time. Polysulfide was the only material that presented stable behavior over the time.

Gonçalves FS, de Freitas Oliveira W, Soares LA, Carlo HL, da Mota AS, Popoff DAV, Soares CJ. Impression Materials and Storage Time Influence on Cast Models Accuracy. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):18-23.

To determine the current knowledge and awareness of undergraduate dental students of Rural Dental College regarding the biomedical waste management.

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on students of Rural Dental College, Maharashtra, India. They were asked to fulfill a predesigned questionnaire. The variables assessed were their knowledge and awareness toward biomedical waste management.

A total of 150 students participated. The male to female ratio was 1:2; mean age of respondents was 20.66 ± 1.01. On an average, 59.23% are correct and 40.67% are incorrect for knowledge about biomedical waste management. 81.55% are correct and 18.45% are incorrect for their awareness about the same.

Results indicate that students had good awareness and perception level about awareness of biomedical waste management.

Saini R, Pithon MM, Singh HK, Popoff DV. Knowledge of Biomedical Waste Management among the Students of Rural Dental College, Maharashtra, India. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):24-26.

In this era of stem cell transplantation, tissue engineering and piezosurgery, it is important to consider the toothbrush as a source of potential pathogens. As toothbrush plays an important everyday role for personal oral hygiene and effective plaque removal. Oral cavity incubates diversity of microorganisms; therefore it is not surprising that some of these microorganisms were transferred to toothbrush during use. Presence of nutrients, epithelial debris and oral secretions make the toothbrush a favorable media for numerous bacterial growths.

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial flora predominantly present in toothbrushes.

Samples of 150 different used toothbrushes from healthy population were taken randomly for microbial analysis. Samples of toothbrushes were put in Robertson cooked meat (RCM) media for both aerobic and anaerobic microbial recognition. Inoculation was done on blood agar and MacConkey's agar plate and culture plates were incubated for 24 hours.

Fifty-four samples showed facultative anaerobes growth, i.e. Streptococcus mutans, Alpha-hemolytic streptococci, coagulase negative Staphylococci (CONS) and diphtheroids. Sixty-six samples showed polymicrobial etiology and 30 showed purely anaerobic bacteria, i.e. Bacteroides, Lactobacilli.

Toothbrush is thus considered a potential biohazard for reintroduction of microorganisms in the oral cavity. New oral hygiene devices like Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system will emerge as true alternative for toothbrush.

Saini R, Kulkarni V. Toothbrush: A Favorable Media for Bacterial Growth. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):27-28.

Uttamani J, Shaikh I, Kulkarni V. Use of Lasers in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):29-32.

Mohammed NS, Shaik MA. Occupational Hazards in Modern Dentistry. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):33-40.

Markey SM, Congiusta MA. Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk for Developing Cancer. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):41-43.

Virang B, Belludi A, Bhardwaj A, Padmawar S, Virang P. Canines on a Fast Track: Canine Distalization by Dentoalveolar Distraction Osteogenesis. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):44-49.

The aim of this study was to present careful evaluation of the clinical and radiological findings of submandibular salivary gland pathologies and its importance to diagnose.

Presented here is a case report of a 65-year-old male patient who had a submandibular sialolith. The sialolith was removed with intraoral approach and no postoperative complications were noted. Radiopaque lesion was similar to premolar tooth according to radiographic examinations performed by use of panoramic and occlusal radiography.

Reported here is a case of submandibular sialolith which was diagnosed clinically and radiographically and treated with no postoperative complications.

Inceoglu B, Senturk MF, Yakar EN, Oztas B. Is It a Sialolithiasis or Tooth?. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):50-52.

Tseng CH, Jian-Hong YU. ISW Treatment for the Skeletal Class III with Anterior Crossbite and Minor Facial Asymmetry. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):53-59.

Pithon MM, Saini R. Minimally Aggressive Orthodontic/Prosthetic Treatment in Patient with Falciform Anemia. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):60-65.

Congiusta MA, Koo D, Penugonda B, Goren AD, Kamer AR. Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(1):66-69.