Singla N, Nagarajan T. Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction in Implant-supported Dentures retained with Ball and Bar Attachment through Verbal Rating System. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):1-5.

This study aims to find out the effects of Probiotics, delivered with a lozenge for its effect on clinical and microbiological parameters in subjects with chronic periodontitis after scaling and root planing (SRP).

A total of 40 generalized mild to moderate chronic periodontitis subjects were finally enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical study. Selected subjects after SRP were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (test group) with 20 subjects receiving probiotic tablet once daily and group II (control group) receiving placebo tablets once daily. Clinical parameters and bacterial count for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum were evaluated at baseline, 2, and 4 months after the medication.

On comparative evaluation between the two groups, results indicated that group I (probiotic group) exhibited statistically significant reduction in both clinical and microbiological levels than group II (control group) over the entire span of the study.

Our results proved that daily oral supplementation of probiotics could be a useful adjunct to SRP in chronic periodontitis patients.

Mani A, Saini R, Saini SR. Efficacy of Oral Probiotics as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Nonsurgical Treatment Outcome of Generalized Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinico-Microbiological Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):6-13.

This study aims to evaluate dental emergency visits in a public hospital as the number of dental emergency visits has recently increased.

This was a retrospective observational study. This study was approved by the local ethical committee and data were recorded from the dental emergency service record book between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013.

In total, 1,477 (4.01%) patients were admitted to emergency dentist services. Mean age was 24.59 ± 11.07 (min–max: 2–76) and 978 (66.2%) patients were between 19 and 35 years old. The most common diagnosis was pulpitis or periapical abscess (n = 1033, 69.9%) and the most common practice was the prescription of antibiotics and/or analgesics (n = 885, 59.9%).

The latest increase in the number of dental emergency visits is a burden, and emergency physicians must be capable of differentiating the real emergencies from common uncomplicated complaints.

Agmaz O, Acar YA, Cevik E, Uyguner C, Oral BE, Bal C. Retrospective Analysis of Patients admitted to Emergency Dental Clinic of a Secondary Care Public Hospital in Turkey. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):14-16.

To compare the plaque removal ability of two designs of interdental toothbrushes (IDTBs) [“tube-like” IDTB = TT and “conical” IDTB = CT] in the posterior part of the mouth in adult patients.

The study sample consisted of 107 adult patients who were in the periodontal maintenance phase having completed treatment for “chronic mild–moderate gingivitis.” Each selected patient was subjected to plaque scoring in the posterior sextants. Four sites per tooth were scored after plaque disclosing. The percentage of plaque was calculated. One of the two designs of IDTBs (TT or CT) was randomly assigned for each patient. They were instructed to carry out eight strokes back-and-forth in the relevant interdental spaces, following demonstration of the technique on a model. The interdental surfaces were reexamined for remaining plaque, and the plaque score was taken. The percentage of reduction of plaque after using the IDTB was calculated.

The mean interdental plaque score for the “TT design” group (n = 56) was 82% initially, whereas the same for “CT design” group (n = 51) was 78%, and this difference was not significant statistically. Following use of TT design, the plaque score in this group was reduced to 24%, which is a 71% reduction from the initial plaque score. This reduction was significant statistically (p < 0.004; t-test). The CT design also showed a dramatic reduction (79%) in plaque score following use of this design (p < 0.007; t-test).

Although both designs (CT and TT) were highly effective in posterior interdental spaces, the CT design appeared to be better than TT design in controlling interdental plaque.

Tilakaratne A, Perera KL, Jayasinghe VP. Comparison of Effectiveness of Two Designs of Interdental Toothbrushes in removing Dental Plaque. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):17-21.

The present study was completed to evaluate the effect of silane on the push-out bond strength on fiber-reinforced posts. The intention of the study was also to determine if there was a regional relation between the adhesive system and the push-out bond strength of the fiber post.

Fifteen single rooted human teeth were endodontically treated and 2 mm diameter glass fiber-reinforced composite posts were cemented in the root canal. In the first group Futurabond DC without silane, in the second group the same luting material after silane treatment of the posts, and in the third group Clearfil DC Core System without silane were used to lute the posts.

After complete setting of the luting agents three 2-mm-thick slices were obtained from the cervical, middle, and apical regions of the roots. The specimens were subjected to push-out test in special equipment. Bond strength data were analyzed with analysis of variance tests.

The Rebilda posts cemented with Futurabond DC without silane had the highest push-out bond strength at the coronal region (164.71 N ± 72.12), while the posts cemented with Clearfil without silane had the lowest value at the apical region (94.86 N ± 34.14). Silane had no significance on the push-out bond strength (p = 0.909); however, the root canal dentin regions had a significant effect (p < 0.010).

This study did not show any significant differences among different luting protocols. The bond strength was significantly higher in the coronal region due to the greater cemented surface area and the difference in dentin structure.

Based on the results of the push-out tests, the retention of the posts did not depend on the luting methods; however, the region of the root canal played a significant role.

Rajnics Z, Marada G, Moetaz E, Radnai M. Effects of Silane on the Push-out Bond Strength of Fiber-reinforced Resin Posts luted with different Self-adhesive Resin Cements. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):22-25.

Lekhadia DR, Hegde G. A Modified Three-piece Base Arch for en masse Retraction and Intrusion in a Class II Division 1 Subdivision Case. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):26-32.

Calculus can accommodate teeth and prosthetic restorations when the patient's oral hygiene is poor. Hardened calculus cannot be removed by patients, it needs professional cleaning using ultrasonic scaler or hand instrument. Solutions dissolving and preventing accumulation of dental calculus may help to keep dentures clean. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of Periogen on dental calculus in vitro.

Calculus was collected via scaling from patients during a routine dental checkup. The samples were stored in carbamide peroxide solution (5%) for 24 hours, then rinsed and stored in distilled water. First, the Ca²⁺ content of the calculus was determined by photometric method after treating with cc. hydrochloric acid solution for 1 hour. The calculus samples were put in Periogen solution, prepared according to manufacturer's instruction for 16 hours, then crushed and put in Periogen solution with the same concentrate for 4.5 hours. The Ca²⁺ dissolved from calculus was measured using same photometric method.

Calculus samples contained 26 mg/100 mg Ca²⁺, which is similar to dentin (27–28 mg/100 mg) and to enamel (36 mg/100 mg). The Ca²⁺ dissolved from calculus after treating with cc. hydrochloric acid for 1 hour was considered 100%. Ca²⁺ dissolution was 1.5% after 16 hours (0.09%/h) and 5.45% (1.21%/h) for the next 4.5 hours after pulverizing the sample. This showed Periogen Ca²⁺ dissolution was 385 µg/100 mg after 16 hours direct contact with the material.

The experiment showed that pulverizing the previously hard calculus was done easily after soaking it in Periogen. The ability of Periogen to soften the calculus needs to be further investigated.

Rajnics Z, Radnai M. The Effect of Periogen Solution on Dental Calculus in vitro: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):33-34.

Keyf F, Firat S, Ciftci B. Efficiency of Mandibular Advancement Device and Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Treatment for Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):35-38.

Moreno APD, de Carvalho FK, de Queiroz AM, León JE, Zanella EP, De Rossi A. A Rare Case of Radicular Dens in Dente diagnosed by Clinical, Radiographic, Tomographic, and Histopathological Examinations. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):39-43.

In this article, we report two cases of type I dentin dysplasia (DD): the first case is subtype “d” DD and second case is severe form of DD type I, which presents all of four subtypes and describes characteristics and the management of this type of teeth anomalies.

Dentin dysplasia is a rare abnormality of dentin that involves both primary and permanent dentition. The normal shape of crown, short roots or its total absence, pulp chamber obliteration, crescent-shaped pulp, pulp stone, and periapical radiolucencies are the characteristics of DD type I.

There are many problems in the management of a patient with DD. Depending on root development and pulp canal situation, endodontic treatment and tooth extraction are applied in teeth with pulp necrosis and periapical abscess. The prognosis of DD largely depends upon the age at which the diagnosis is made, and the quality of the treatment provided.

Elmi R Z, Azimi S, Jafari S, Farzanegan A. Dentin Dysplasia Type I: Report of Two Cases. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):44-47.

This article aimed to report the case of a complex odontoma interfering with tooth eruption.

A common local factor causing tooth impaction or interfering with eruption of teeth is odontoma.

This case report represented a case of complex odontoma in a girl child overlying the crown of first permanent molar, which involved dental follicle and seemed to be interfering with tooth eruption. Surgical removal was done and follow-up was scheduled to control tooth eruption.

Odontoma as a local factor potentially interfering with tooth eruption can be resolved if it is detected early.

A routine radiographic survey with panoramic images in mixed dentition period and clinical oral examination would be useful to early detection of tooth eruption problems.

Ghasempour M, Seyedmajidi M, Forooghi R, Gharekhani S. A Crescent-shaped Radiopacity impeding Molar Tooth Eruption. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):48-50.

Planning an anchorage requirements of a case for effecient biomechanics is one of the important step in success of treatment outcomes. There are many means to reinforce anchorage. Since last decade, use of mini implants for absolute anchorage has gained popularity which does not depend on pateint compliance. Precise positioning of mini-implant is a key for success of absolute anchorage system. We have devised a simple guide made up of ligature wire, which is a useful tool for an accurate implant placement. The proposed implant guide is a useful aid for accurate placement of implant, which minimizes chances of root damage.

Precise positioning of mini-implant is of paramount importance for success of absolute anchorage system.

Durgekar SG. Ligature Guide for Implant Placement. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):51-53.